Adventure Racing events include sprints of a few hours through Expedition races of many days. Natural terrain obstacles such as mountains, deserts, rivers and oceans are common. Teams of 2, 3 or 4 use any means of non-motorized transport to navigate distances up to 1,000 km. Sprint Adventure Races were popularized in the 1980’s and 1990’s introducing man-made obstacles, fewer disciplines, less equipment and shorter distances. Originally popularized by the Raid Gauloises and Eco-Challenge.

Ninja Competitions are events where individuals and teams compete on Ninja Warrior style obstacles. Competitions are held on courses between 25 m and 100 m long with 4 or more Ninja Warrior obstacles, as head-to-head races, relays, technical, or timed competitions.

Events have been popularized by the American Ninja Warrior, Ultimate Beastmaster and Sasuke television show competitions in 148 countries. A billion people worldwide follow these shows. An official international League of Ninja is the Ultimate Ninja Athlete Association.

Often referred to as Obstacle Course Races, OCRs are large scale, mass participation events held in parks, ski resorts, wilderness, rural, urban and suburban locations. Races can have up to 30,000 participants and vary in length from 3 km (short course), 5 km (international), 12-15 km (standard), 21 km (long course) to 50 km (ultra).

There are over 2,500 OCR’s worldwide and brands such as Tough Viking, Toughest, Spartan Race, Tough Mudder and Strong Viking have multiple races, series and championships.

Beach OCR’s are mass participation events that take advantage of the sand, sunshine and water of beach environments. Formats include individual, mixed team and relay races.

Beach OCR events are held on all continents and many countries with beach access, from England to Indonesia and the middle east.

Hybrid Races are typically run on 1,000 to 5,000-meter courses and include obstacles that test upper body, lower body, grip and total strength, including functional exercises. Mass starts typically have up to 100  people at a time.

Popular races include Tough Mudder X (TMx), Hyrox, Spartan Crossfit Challenge and the Civilian Military Combine. These events are designed to be spectator friendly, with exciting, head to head racing.

Similar to Adventure Racing, Ultra and set time OCR’s are typically 4, 8, 12 or 24 hours mass participation events with men, women and team competitions. Competitors compete for as many laps as they can in the time allowed. Laps vary up to about 10 km long.

World’s Toughest Mudder is the 24-hour OCR World Championships, with individuals and teams covering as much distance as possible in 24 hours. The Spartan Ultra World Championships is an annual event held over 50 kilometres.

Track Races’s are sprint to middle distance competitions from 25 meters and up. Individual and mixed relay events can be time trials (one person at a time) or have 2 to 24 people or more on the start line. The 100 m (10 obstacles) and 400 m (12 obstacles) events have established world records and have been held in Games recognised by the International Olympic Committee.

Track is typically held on athletic tracks, stadiums, streets or other flat areas. Events in popular culture include the Million Dollar Mile competition show on CBS television network in the United States.